Gholam A. Peyman
| Gholam A. Peyman |
|
| Born |
Iran |
| Residence |
Phoenix, USA |
| Nationality |
Iranian American |
| Fields |
Ophthalmology, Engineering |
| Institutions |
Professor of Basic Medical Sciences at the University of Arizona, Phoenix & Optical Sciences at University of Arizona Tucson, Arizona
Emeritus Professor of Ophthalmology, Tulane University |
| Alma mater |
University of Freiburg, Germany, University of Essen, Germany |
| Known for |
Inventor of LASIK,[1] |
| Notable awards |
Hall of Fame,[2] American Society of Cataract and Refractive surgery (Washington, DC, 2005)
Lifetime Achievement Award,American Academy of Ophthalmology (2008) |
Gholam A. Peyman, MD is a Hall of Fame[3] of Ophthalmology and retina surgeon who is also a prolific and successful inventor. Gholam Peyman has, thus far, been granted 124 US Patents[4] covering a broad range of novel medical devices, intra-ocular drug delivery, surgical techniques, as well as new methods of diagnosis and treatment. His most widely-known invention to date is LASIK eye surgery,[5] a vision correction procedure designed to allow people to see clearly without glasses. He was awarded the first US patent for the procedure in 1989 (link to image of patent, below). In addition to the numerous other honors and awards he has received (please see section 4, for Publications and awards), in 2005 he was selected by a ballot among the more than 30,000 ophthalmologists around the world to become one of the thirteen living ophthalmologists inducted into the Hall of Fame of Ophthalmology.[6]
Life and career
Peyman was born in Iran. At the age of 19, he moved to Germany to begin his medical studies. He received his MD at the University of Freiburg in 1962. He completed his internship at St. Johannes Hospital in Diusberg, Germany in 1964 and at Passaic General Hospital in Passaic, New Jersey in 1965. Peyman completed his residency in ophthalmology and a retina fellowship at the University of Essen, Essen Germany, in 1969 and an additional postdoctoral fellowship in retina at the Jules Stein Eye Institute, UCLA School of Medicine in Los Angeles in 1971. Peyman held the position of Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology at the UCLA School of Medicine from 1971 and served as Associate Professor and then Professor of Ophthalmology at the Abraham Lincoln School of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago during 1971-1987. Peyman held a joint appointment at the School of Medicine and also at the Neuroscience Center of Excellence at the Louisiana State University Medical University Medical Center in New Orleans during 1987-2000. During 1998-2000 Peyman held the Prince Abdul Aziz Bin Ahmed Bin Abdul Aziz Al Saud Chair in Retinal Diseases. During 2000-2006, Peyman served as Professor of Ophthalmology and Co-Director, Vitreo-Retinal Service, Tulane University School of Medicine in New Orleans. During 2006-2007 he was Professor of Ophthalmology at the University of Arizona, Tucson with a cross appointment at University of Arizona Optical Sciences. He has been emeritus Professor of Ophthalmology at Tulane University since 2009. Peyman is currently Professor of Basic Medical Sciences at the University of Arizona, Phoenix & Optical engineering at U.A. Tucson AZ.
The Invention of LASIK Surgery and its improvements: In 1977, because of his interest in the effects of lasers on tissues in the eye, Peyman began evaluating the potential use of a CO2 laser to modify corneal refraction in rabbits. No prior study had existed on this concept. The laser was applied to the surface of the cornea using different pattens. This laser created significant scarring. His conclusions at that time were: 1) one has to wait for the development of an ablative laser and 2) one should not ablate the surface of the cornea but, instead, the ablation should take place under a flap in order to prevent scarring, pain and other undesirable sequelae. Peyman published the first article on this subject in 1980.[7] In 1982, he read an article from Bell Laboratories, published in Laser Focus, describing the photo-ablative properties of an excimer laser on organic material. This was very exciting information, but, unfortunately, Peyman did not have access to this laser, which at the time was new and very expensive By 1985 and beyond, many investigators were interested in ablating the corneal surface. However, because of his previous experience with the CO2 laser, Peyman wanted to avoid surface ablation in order to prevent potential corneal scarring and the pain associated with the removal of the corneal epithelium, necessary to expose the surface of the cornea. Therefore, in July 1985, he applied for a patent that described a method of modifying corneal refractive errors using laser ablation under a corneal flap (please see Figure 1). This US patent was accepted after two revisions and issued in June, 1989. Peyman performed a number of experimental studies evaluating the effect of various excimer lasers in collaboration with Physics Department of the University of Helsinki, Finland. Since he had purchased an Erb-Yag laser in the U.S., he evaluated the concept using this laser in vivo in rabbit and primate eyes and described the creation of a hinged corneal flap to enable the ablation to be performed on the exposed corneal bed, thus reducing the potential for postoperative scarring and pain.[8] Improvements to LASIK Surgery: Inlays: Always aware of the potential limitations of his invention, Peyman devoted considerable time and effort in subsequent years to ameliorating them. In order to improve the risk/benefit considerations of the LASIK procedure, he invented and patented a broad range of ablative and non-ablative inlays to be placed under the surgically created corneal flap. These inlays offered many potential advantages over the standard LASIK technique, the most significant of which is that the inlay procedure is reversible.[9] Improvements to LASIK Surgery: Accelerating the Return of Corneal Sensitivity Creating the surgical flap that enables the LASIK procedure necessarily cuts corneal nerves, leaving the surface of the cornea insensitive for many months following the LASIK procedure. This is a potential risk for the patient in several ways. For example the surface of the eye could be scratched and damaged without the patient realizing this, sometimes leading to an infection that has serious consequences. Peyman evaluated the application of topical cyclosporine to the cornea prior and postsurgery in LASIK patients in order to address this problem. He was able to convincingly demonstrate in a controlled clinical study that its use dramatically accelerates the return of corneal sensitivity after LASIK surgery when compared to the contra-lateral control eye (which received LASIK surgery but not cyclosporine). In 2008 Peyman was awarded the Waring medal by a leading peer-reviewed ophthalmology journal for this breakthrough invention[10] (please also see 4 Publications and awards). Figure 1. Dr. Peyman's patent was the first to describe what has become one of the most popular and effective elective surgical procedures in history: Laser-Assisted In situ Keratomileusis, more commonly known as LASIK surgery.
Other Inventions and patents
Peyman's inquiring mind, coupled with his keen interest in engineering and pharmacology along with his in-depth background and experience in ophthalmology resulted, over a 40-year period, in a remarkable range of novel devices, improvements in surgical methods and revolutionary new treatment methods and modalities. A partial list of Peyman's most significant discoveries and inventions (with first publication date), many of which are still in use today, includes:
- Modifications and improvements to the operating microscope (1972, 1974 and 1977)[11]
- Vitrectomy instruments and techniques - Techniques of vitreous removal (1971, 1972)[12]
- Vitreous scissors and forceps (1975)[13]
- The vitrophage (1976, 1977)[14]
- Improved vitrectomy illumination system (1976)[15]
- Wide-angle cutter vitrophage (1976)[16]
- Miniaturization of the vitrophage (1980)[17]
- A bent-.pped vitrophage for anterior segment surgery (1982)[18]
- An illuminated air-fluid switch for vitrectomy (1988)[19]
- A miniaturized vitrectomy system (23 gauge) for vitreous and retinal biopsy (1990)[20]
- A pneumovitrector for diagnostic biopsy of the vitreous (1996)[21]
- A new high-speed pneumatic vitrectomy cutter (2002)[22]
- Small-size pediatric vitrectomy wide-angle contact lens (2003)[23]
- A new, non-contact wide-field viewing system for vitreous surgery (2003)[24]
- Endolaser for vitrectomy - Intraocular photocoagulation with the argon-krypton laser (1980)[25]
- Argon endolaser (1981)[26]
- A microscope filter for endophotocoagula.on (1981)[27]
- Protective eye filters for endolaser therapy (1986)[28]
- Special short needles to inject and aspirate high-viscosity sililcone oil (1986)[29]
- Contact lenses for Nd-YAG application in the vitreous (1984)[30]
- A new contact lens for Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy (1986)[31]
- An automatic laser filter for the indirect ophthalmoscope (1987)[32]
- A bent-tipped endolaser probe (1987)[33]
- An endolaser probe with aspiration capability (1992)[34]
- Vitreous subs8tutes - Evalua.on of perfluourocarbon gases in the vitreous (1973)[35]
- Use of fluorosilicone to unfold a giant retinal tear (1987)[36]
- Injection of fluorosilicone oil and pars plana vitrectomy for complex retinal detachment (1987)[37]
- Experimental evaluation of perfluorophenanthrene as a high specific gravity vitreous substitute (1989)[38]
- Perfluorocarbon liquids in ophthalmology (1995)[39]
Eye wall resection (tumors) and biopsy
- Full thickness eye wall resection (1972)[40]
- Local excision of choroidal malignant melanoma: Full thickness eye wall resection (1974)[41]
- Biopsy of human scleral-chorioretinal tissue (1975)[42]
- Ab interno resection of uveal melanoma[43]
- Histopathology of Goldmann-Favre syndrome obtained by full-thickness eye-wall biopsy (1977)[44]
- Treatment of large von Hippel tumors by eye wall resection (1983)[45]
- Internal retinal biopsy: Surgical technique and results (1990)[46]
- Surgical and pharmaceutical treatments for bacterial endophthalmitis(numerous publications 1973-1982)[47]
- Pressure-controlled shunt for glaucoma - An experimental "aqueous shunt" for the regulation of intraocular pressure. (1974)[48]
- Experimental evaluation of a posterior drainage system. (1983)[49]
- The first ultraviolet light-absorbing - Ultraviolet light absorbing pseudophakos (1982)[50]
Intraocular drug delivery
- Intravitreal antineoplastic (cancer) - Toxicity of antineoplastic drugs in vitrectomy infusion fluids (1983 and 1984)[51]
- drugs Combination intravitreal therapy - Bacterial endophthalmitis: Treatment with intraocular injection of gentamicin and dexamethasone (1974)[52]
- Toxicity of antibio.c combinations for vitrectomy infusion fluid (1979)[53]
- Toxicity of antineoplastic drug combinations in vitrectomy infusion fluid (1984)[54]
- In vitro evaluation of cellular inhibitory potential of various antineoplastic drugs and dexamethasone (1985)[55]
- Proliferative vitreoretinopathy and chemotherapeutic agents (1985)[56]
- Effects of selected repeated intravitreal chemotherapeutic agents (1985)[57]
- Toxicity and clearance of a combination of liposome-encapsulated ganciclovir and trifluridine (1989)[58]
- Intravitreal effects of antiviral drugs - Toxicity of intravitreal antiviral drugs (1984)[59]
- Vitrectomy and intravitreal antiviral drug therapy in acute retinal necrosis syndrome. Report of two cases. (1984)[60]
- Parenterally-administered acyclovir for viral retinitis associated with AIDS (1984)[61]
- Intravitreal toxicity of hydroxyacyclovir (BW-B759U), a new antiviral agent (1985)[62]
- Retinal toxicity of ganciclovir in vitrectomy infusion solution (1987)[63]
- Toxicity of intravitreal injection of foscarnet in the rabbit eye (1988)[64]
- Retinal toxicity of 6-methoxypurine arabinoside (Ara-M): A new selective and potent inhibitor of varicella-zoster virus (1992)[65]
- Intravitreal immunosuppressants - Retinal toxicity study of intravitreal cyclosporine (1986)[66]
- Liposome-bound cyclosporine: Retinal toxicity afer intravitreal injection (1988)[67]
- Ocular toxicity of intravitreal tacrolimus (2002)[68]
- Slow release ocular drug delivery - Intravitreal liposome- encapsulated gentamicin in a rabbit model: Prolonged therapeutic levels (1986)[69]
- Liposome- encapsulated 5-fluorouracil in the treatment of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (1988)[70]
- Intravitreal liposome-encapsulated drugs: A preliminary human report (1988)[71]
- Clearance of sodium fluorescein incorporated into microspheres from the vitreous after intravitreal injection (1991)[72]
- Clearance of microsphere-entrapped 5-fluorouracil and cytosine arabinoside from the vitreous of primates (1992)[73]
Laser in Ophthalmology
- First attempt to correct refractive - Modification of rabbit corneal curvature with use of carbon dioxide laser burns (1980)[74]
- errors using lasers Evaluations of laser use in ophthalmology - Histopathological studies on transscleral argon-krypton laser coagulation with an exolaser probe (1984)[75]
- Comparison of the effects of argon fluoride (ArF) and krypton fluoride (KrF) excimer lasers on ocular structures (1985)[76]
- The Nd:YAG laser 1.3µ wavelength: In vitro effects on ocular structures (1987)[77]
- Effects of an erbium:YAG laser on ocular structures (1987)[78]
- Contact laser: Thermal sclerostomy ab interna (1987)[79]
- Internal trans-pars plana filtering procedure in humans (1988)[80]
- Internal pars plana sclerotomy with the contact Nd:YAG laser: An experimental study (1988)[81]
- Intraocular telescope for age related - Age-related macular degeneration and its management (1988)
Macular degeneration
- Retinal pigment epithelium transplantation - A technique for retinal pigment epithelium transplantation for age-related macular degeneration secondary to extensive subfoveal scarring (1991)
- Photodynamic therapy for ARMD - The effect of light-activating .n ethyl etiopurpurin (SnET2) on normal rabbit choriocapillaries (1996)
- Problems with and pitfalls of photodynamic therapy (2000)
- Semiconductor photodiode stimulation - Subretinal semiconductor microphotodiode array (1998)
- of the retina - Subretinal implantation of semiconductor-based photodiodes. Durability of novel implant designs (2002)
- The artificial silicon retina microchip for the treatment of vision loss from retinitis pigmentosa (2004)
Honors and awards
1973 Fisher Prize, Chicago Ophthalmology Society
1974 Advisor to the Na.onal Commission of Diabetes
1976 Honorary Member, New Zealand Ophthalmology Society
1979 Honor Award, American Academy of Ophthalmology
1981 Honorary Member, All India Ophthalmological Society
1982 Honorary Member, Paraguayan Ophthalmological Society
1984 Honorary Corresponding Member, Peruvian Ophthalmological Society
1988 Honorary Member, Latin American Ocular Angiofluorography and Photocoagulation Society
1989 U.S. Public Health Service grant EY07541 from the National Eye Institute the National Institutes of Health Services, Bethesda, MD
1989 Senior Honor Award, American Academy of Ophthalmology
1990 Honorary member, All India Ophthalmological Laser Society
1996-97 Included in first edition of The Best Doctors in America: Southeast Region
1997 Honor Award, Vitreous Society
1998 Included in fourth edition of The Best Doctors in America
2001 Gertrude Pyron Lecturer Award, Vitreous Society Annual Mee.ng
2001 ASCRS Innovators Award
2003 Life.me Achievement Award, Iranian Ophthalmology Society
2004 Paul Henkind Lecturer, Macula Society
2005 Hall of Fame of Ophthalmology [Reference: http://www.ascrs.org/Awards/Gholam-A-Peyman-MD.cfm]
2005 Pfizer/ARVO Translational Research Award
2008 Waring Medal, Journal of Refractive Surgery
2008 Lifetime Achievement Award, American Academy of Ophthalmology [REFERENCE: http://www.ascrs.org/Awards/Gholam-A-Peyman-MD.cfm]
2010 Iraninan Opthalmology gold medal
References
- ^ US Patent 4,840,175, "METHOD FOR MODIFYING CORNEAL CURVATURE", granted June 20, 1989
- ^ http://www.ascrs.org/Awards/Gholam-A-Peyman-MD.cfm
- ^ http://www.ascrs.org/Awards/Gholam-A-Peyman-MD.cfm
- ^ United States Patent and Trademark Office (hep://paot.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=0&f=S&l=50&TERM1= %22Peyman%3B+Gholam%22&FIELD1=&co1=AND&TERM2=&FIELD2=&d=PTXT)
- ^ US Patent 4,840,175, "METHOD FOR MODIFYING CORNEAL CURVATURE", granted June 20, 1989
- ^ American Academy of Cataract and Refrac.ve Surgery (hep://www.ascrs.org/Awards/ASCRS-Hall-of-Fame.cfm)
- ^ Ophthalmic Surgery 11:325-329, 1980
- ^ Ophthalmology 96:1160-1170, 1989
- ^ Examples of these inlays can be found in US Patents: #6,203,538, granted March 2001, #6,217,571, granted April 2001, AND #6,280,470, all entitled, "INTRASTROMAL CORNEAL MODIFICATION";
- 6,221,067, granted April 2001, entitled "CORNEAL MODIFICATION VIA IMPLANTATION"; and others
- ^ Journal of Refractive Surgery (hep://journalofrefrac.vesurgery.com/awards.asp)
- ^ Ophthalmic Surg 3:29-31, 1972; Am J Ophthalmol 77:525-528, 1974; and Ophthalmic Surg 8:51-53,1977
- ^ Arch Ophthalmol 86:548-551, 1971 and Surv Ophthalmol 17:29-40, 1972
- ^ Am J Ophthalmol 80:767, 1975
- ^ Irvine AR, O'Malley C (eds): Advances in Vitreous Surgery, Springfield, IL, Charles C. Thomas, pp 258-264, 1976 and In McPherson A (ed): New and Controversial Aspects of Vitreoretinal Surgery. St. Louis, CV Mosby, pp 169-175, 1977.
- ^ Am J Ophthalmol 81:99-100, 1976.
- ^ Ophthalmic Surg 7:96-97, 1976.
- ^ Can J Ophthalmol 15:49-50, 1980.
- ^ Arch Ophthalmol 100:1973, 1982.
- ^ Retina 8:288, 1988
- ^ Can J Ophthalmol 25:285-286, 1990.
- ^ Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 27:246-247, 1996
- ^ Am J Ophthalmol 133:568-569, 2002
- ^ Am J Ophthalmol 135:236-237, 2003
- ^ Am J Ophthalmol 13:199-201, 2003.
- ^ Arch Ophthalmol 98:2062-2064, 1980.
- ^ Arch Ophthalmol 99:2037-2038, 1981.
- ^ Arch Ophthalmol 99:327, 1981
- ^ Int Ophthalmol 9:43-44, 1986
- ^ Arch Ophthalmol 104:608, 1986
- ^ Retna 4:129-131, 1984
- ^ Can J Ophthalmol 21:269-270, 1986
- ^ Retna 7:32-33, 1987
- ^ Ophthalmic Surg 18:185-186, 1987
- ^ Arch Ophthalmol 110:718, 1992.
- ^ Arch Ophthalmol 90(3):235-8, 1973
- ^ Int Ophthalmol 10:149-151, 1987
- ^ Can J Ophthalmol 22:276-278, 1987
- ^ Ophthalmic Surg 20:286-293, 1989
- ^ Surv Ophthalmol 39:375-395, 1995
- ^ Invest Ophthalmol 11:115-121, 1972
- ^ Arch Ophthalmol 92:216-218, 1974
- ^ Invest Ophthalmol 14:707-710, 1975
- ^ Int Ophthalmol. 1986 Apr;9(1):29-36
- ^ Ann Ophthalmol 9:479-484, 1977
- ^ Ophthalmology 90:840-847, 1983
- ^ Int Ophthalmol 14:101-104, 1990.
- ^
- Many peer-reviewed publications, including: Am J Ophthalmol 76:343-350, 1973; Arch Ophthalmol 92:149-154, 1974; Ophthalmic Surg 5:34-39, 1974; Am J Ophthalmol 80:764-765, 1975; et. al.
�
- ^ Can J Ophthalmol 9:463-467, 1974
- ^ Ophthalmic Surg 14:494-498, 1983
- ^ J Am Intraocul Implant Soc 8:357-360, 1982.
- ^ Ophthalmic Surg 14:845-847, 1983 and Ophthalmic Surg 15:767-769, 1984
- ^ Ophthalmic Surg 15:767-769, 1984
- ^ Ophthalmic Surg 10(10):74-77, 1979
- ^ Ophthalmic Surg 15:844-846, 1984
- ^ Ophthalmic Surg 16:247-249, 1985
- ^ Surv Ophthalmol 29:434-442, 1985
- ^ Int Ophthalmol 8:193-198, 1985
- ^ Rena 9:232-236, 1989
- ^ Ophthalmic Surg 15:666-669, 1984
- ^ Arch Ophthalmol 102:1618-1621, 1984
- ^ Arch Ophthalmol 102:1750, 1984
- ^ Arch Ophthalmol 103:840-841, 1985
- ^ Retna 7:80-83, 1987
- ^ Int Ophthalmol 12:151-154, 1988
- ^ Retina 12:261-264, 1992
- ^ Ophthalmic Surg 17:155-156, 1986
- ^ Int Ophthalmol 12:105-107, 1988
- ^ Surg Lasers 33:140-144, 2002
- ^ Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 27:1103-1106, 1986
- ^ Ophthalmic Surg 19:252-256, 1988
- ^ Int Ophthalmol 12:175-182, 1988
- ^ Ophthalmic Surg 22:175-180, 1991
- ^ Int Ophthalmol 16:109-113, 1992
- ^ Ophthalmic Surg 11:325-329, 1980
- ^ Ophthalmic Surg 15:496-501, 1984
- ^ Int Ophthalmol 8:199-209, 1985
- ^ Int Ophthalmol 10:213-220, 1987
- ^ Int Ophthalmol 10:245-253, 1987
- ^ Ophthalmic Surg 18:726-727, 1987
- ^ Int Ophthalmol 11:159-62, 1988
- ^ Int Ophthalmol 11:175-80, 1988
External links
| Persondata |
| Name |
Peyman, Gholam A. |
| Alternative names |
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| Short description |
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| Date of birth |
1937 |
| Place of birth |
Iran |
| Date of death |
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| Place of death |
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